Book Review Unsigned Beauties of Costume Jewelry

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Marcia "Sparkles" Brown has given us some answers, and hundreds of gorgeous photographs in her book, "Unsigned Beauties of Costume Jewelry, Identification and Values".

Now what about starting a collection? The chapter on collectibilty will show you what to look for, how to choose, how to examine condition, and how to evaluate craftsmanship.

Finishing up the book are an extensive glossary and a bibliography that will tempt you with many titles of books about antique and vintage costume jewelry.

Why do we call it costume jewelry? Page 15 tells us.

This book is a must-have for the collector or anyone who buys and sells costume jewelry. It's a visual treat and a well researched book that you'll refer to over and over.

We love our costume jewelry, and when we find a piece that has the designer's name, or "signature" on the back, we know we have a piece that can be dated and its value better understood.

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A fascinating chapter on rhinestone history takes you from the kings of France through Daniel Swarovski's processes to the present time. Several pages of photographs of rhinestone butterfly pins finish the chapter.

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There's a comprehensive section on dating your jewelry, including a time chart, fashion style dating and art trends, followed by expert advice on care, restoration and storage.

We learn about different metals used in costume jewelry, such as white metal, gold plating, sterling silver, vermeil, rhodium, silver plating, enamel, japanning and gun metal. More photos illustrate this section.

One reason is that fine jewelry of gold and gemstones was worn by ladies of wealth and position, while the cheaper, "fake" jewelry was worn by the poor or women of "ill repute". Makers of fine jewelry were proud to put their signatures on their creations, while artisans who made fake jewelry were just working to make a living — it was a lower class profession without the pride of putting one's name on one's products.

The book is divided into sections, with many photographs illustrating every page. It not only shows a multitude of unsigned jewelry pieces, but also gives you history, concepts and the basics of starting a collection.

Sometimes manufacturers made unsigned jewelry that was sold to department stores, which then put the jewelry in boxes with the store's name.

For the next 227 pages you'll be treated to photographs and detailed descriptions of unsigned brooches, necklaces, earrings, parures (sets), dress clips and accessories.

But what about the literally millions of pieces of beautiful costume jewelry that have no signature? And why, when there was such obvious artistry and craftsmanship involved in producing the piece, was it left unsigned?

Stone shapes and settings are examined and illustrated with drawings and examples.

Costume jewelry was made in vast quantities in mass production, and to keep up with demand the makers did not always take the time to stamp their name or company logo on each individual piece.

Why The Stainless Steel Jewelry Rust

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For example, the 304 stainless steel has good rust-resistant capacity in the clean and dry air, but take it to the shore region; it will rust in the sea fog which has lots of salt. But 316L stainless steel is behaved well, so if you choose the stainless steel jewelry, it's better to choose 316L Stainless Steel Jewellery.

Stainless steel is preventing the infiltration of oxygen atoms by a very thin and stable Cr-rich protective oxide film formed on the surface, and obtain the anticorrosion ability.
For if some reasons, the protective films damaged, the oxygen atoms existed in the air or water will continuously into the metal, that will cause the iron atoms been come out and form loose Iron oxide, the surface of the metal will be rusted continuously.

2. If the stainless steel stick with organic matter juice (such as melons, noodle soup), the juice will turn into organic acid and eat the metal's surface after a long time.

The stainless steel is famous for its highly resistance to strong acid and strong alkali, nondiscolouring, non-allergic, hard and bright. But some customers found that the stainless steel jewelry rusted after wearing several time. What was the reason for that?
The rust-resistant and anticorrosion capacity of the stainless steel is depend on factors of its chemical ingredients, using condition and wearing environment. Different stainless steel textures have different anticorrosion capacity.

3. If the stainless steel stick with acids, alkalis or salts (such as the alkaline water or lime water used in decoration), will caused by localized chloride corrosion.

At the same time, when wearingStainless Steel Jewelry, we should pay more attentions to avoid the stainliess steel jewelry contact with strong acid and alkali; it can prevent the stainless steel jewelry from rust.

4. The pollutants in the polluted air (such as the air contain lots of sulfide, carbon dioxide or nitrogen oxides), will formed sulfuric acid, nitric acid or acetic acid droplets and rust the surface of the stainless steel , when they condensed in condensed water.

Such example is very much, as following are the most common examples in our daily life.
1. The surface of the stainless steel was covered by the foreign matte contained the dust of other metals, it will occurred electrochemical reaction and damage the protective films, we called it electrochemical corrosion.

Therefore, it's not any kind of stainless steel can be rust-resistant and anticorrosion in any environments.

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Corrosion resistance order of the common stainless steel is 316L＞316＞304L＞304＞202＞201＞403＞420. So, the most stable and no rust stainless steel is 316L stainless steel, jewelry used the 316L stainless steel as raw material is also the best choice.

Cartier Leve Bracelet Bangle- The King of Jewelry

By Michael Jackie on July 09, 2011
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Cartier Leve Bracelet Bangle- the king of jewelry When it refers to brand Jewelry, we have to talk about the Cartier Leve Bracelet, which can be called "King's jewelry or the king of jewelry". Since 1960, the Cartier Leve jewelry has been famous for its screws image and has become the expression way of true Love for many celebrities. With concise and modern design,Cartier gold bracelet, coupled with the rich meaning, the Cartier Leve Bracelet, which can be also called Cartier Love Bracelet deeply touch the customers when they are at the first sight of them. Cartier Leve Bracelet's simple design make us math with any clothes available. At the same time, aiming at 2011's "Valentine's Day ", Cartier produced a series of new Cartier Leve Bracelets, Cartier Bangles, Cartier Pendant,Cartier Love Bracelet in Stainless Steel Plated with Yellow Gold, Cartier Rings, Cartier earrings , Cartier necklaces, etc, Cartier Leve Bracelet is beautiful and suitable for every outfit or dress no matter you wear in formal, party wear or casual.

If the female wears the Cartier Leve Jewelry, she can be looked very attractive and gorgeous. All women love diamonds, men are no exception. Cartier Leve bracelets or necklaces can also make the men look sensational .Many men also prefer Cartier Leve necklace, bracelet, especially for young teenagers. Wholesale Cartier Leve jewelry offers great chance for people who want to buy Cartier Leve bracelet but can't afford the high prices. There are many important times in our life to celebrate. Maybe there is a baby, maybe there is an anniversary, maybe just because unknown reasons. Capture your life's important moments for all time I think they are meaningful things, and you will also never forget about the mood at that time. At this time if you choose Cartier Leve jewelry, you will be able to increase the warm feeling.

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Casino de Monte Carlo

By Rhian Hall on January 19, 2011
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Online casino and mobile casino are the latest trend, but we cant step aside these casino which is known for being prestige and one of the grandest.

Casino de Monte Carlo is one of Europe's oldest (1878) and most reputable and prestigious casinos, that is located in the autonomous and sovereign Principality of Monaco. Enclosed by tamed gardens, the ornate 'Belle Epoque' casino stands on a impressive panoramic terrace overlooking the Mediterranean.

Your Luck can be tested in the elegant gold and marble casino:(note that there's a dress code) slots in the Salle Blanche; roulette and trente et quarante in the Salle Europe; chemin de fer,Cartier india online, banques a deux tableaux and pai gow poker in the Salon Prives (high rollers only); and craps or blackjack in the American Room. Expect to hear a smorgasbord of different languages from smartly dressed patrons.

Tired of playing? Then find the delicate French cuisine at its finest in the Hotel De Paris' famed Le Louis XV restaurant. Later, stroll through the narrow winding streets of the Old Town, with its vaulted passageways and bronze cannons, or go clubbing and dance the night away at Jimmy'z.

Here's more information that might help you touring around Casino de Monte Carlo.

Accomodation
Select from 187 rooms and 75 suites with either a sea, harbour or city view, in the esteemed Hotel de Paris, built in 1864 and settled in front of the casino and the Cafe de Paris. The 35m² to 50m² rooms are designed in white leaded wood or mahogany, bathrooms in faience or pale marble, with elegant 19th-century style insides.

Dining
Have fun on the elegant dining at any of the hotel's several restaurants, including Michelin 3-star dining at Le Louis XV with Chef Alain Ducasse and Le Grill on the eighth floor of the hotel. Here in summer, the roof slides back to reveal the sky and one of the most beautiful views available of the French Riviera.

Spa
Plunge yourself in the 6600m² Les Thermes Marins de Monte-Carlo, one of Europe's most beautiful spas - and discreetly accessible via the Hotel de Paris and Hotel Hermitage. The spa is famed for its seawater treatments and healthful massage.

Shopping
Monaco is known for its rich collection of luxurious boutiques offering the latest in haute couture, perfumes and jewellery. For prestigious labels browse Monte Carlo's 'Cercle d'Or' and Galerie des Allees Lumieres to find the latest collections from couturiers such as Hermes, Celine, Christian Dior, Saint Laurent Rive Gauche, Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Chanel and Prada. The Place du Casino and adjacent streets display a showcase of exquisite jewellery from Cartier, Chopard, Van Cleef, Arpels, Bulgari,Cartier Earring in Stainless Steel with White Gold Plated and Di, Piaget and Repossi. And within the narrow streets of the Old Town you can discover more typical souvenirs such as Monegasque chocolates, ceramics and handcraft items. Monegasque stamps are highly prized by aggregators.

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Is Velocity A Constant

By Kitty Lee on July 13, 2010
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The classical economists' conclusion that nominal income is determined by movements in the money supply rested on their belief that velocity PY/ M could be treated as reasonably constant.l Is it reasonable to assume that velocity is constant? To answer this, let's look at Figure 1, which shows the year-to-year changes in velocity from 1915 to 1996 (nominal income is represented by nominal GDP and the money supply by M and Af2).

What we see in Figure 1 is that even in the short run, velocity fluctuates too much to be viewed as a constant. Prior to 1950, velocity exhibited large swings up and down. This may reflect the substantial instability of the economy in this period, which included two Audemar Piguet Replica Watches world wars and the Great Depression. (Velocity actually falls, or at least its rate of growth declines, in years when recessions are taking place.) After 1950, velocity appears to have more moderate fluctuations, yet there are large differences in the growth rate of velocity from year to year.

The percentage change in Aft velocity (GDP/Mi) from 1981 to 1982, for example, was -2.5 percent, whereas from 1980 to 1981 velocity grew at a rate of 4. 2 percent. This difference of 6-7 percent means that nominal GDP was 6. 7 percent lower than it would have been if velocity had kept growing at the same rate as in 1980-1981.l The drop is enough to account for the severe recession that took place in 1981-1982. After 1982,Cartier love Leve Necklace White gold, Mi velocity appears to have become even more volatile, a fact that has puzzled researchers when they examine the empirical evidence on the demand for money. A/2 velocity remained more stable than M velocity after 1982,Cartier Rose Gold Plated Ingot Bracelet with Pink Cord, with the result that the Federal Reserve dropped its M targets in 1987 and began to focus more on A/2 targets. However, instability of MHz velocity in the early 1990s resulted in the Fed's announcement in July 1993 that it no longer felt that any of the monetary aggregates, including A/2, was a reliable guide for monetary policy.

Until the Great Depression, economists did not recognize that velocity declines sharply Cartier Santos Replica during severe economic contractions. Why did the classical economists not recognize this fact when it is easy to see in the pro-depression period in Figure 1? Unfortunately, accurate data on GDP and the money supply did not exist before World War II. Only after the war did the government start to collect these data. Economists had no way of knowing that their view of velocity as a constant was demonstrably false. The decline in velocity during the Great Depression years was so great, however, that even the crude data available to economists at that time suggested that velocity was not constant. This explains why, after the Great Depression, economists began to search for other factors influencing the demand for money that might help explain the large fluctuations in velocity.

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